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Wannacry ransomware attack was worldwide cyberattack in may 2017. Wannacry ransomware worm that attacked computers running microsoft windows, encrypting information and demanding a ransom in bitcoin.[5] it was distributed using eternalblue, an exploit developed by the us national security agency (nsa) for windows systems. Eternalblue was stolen and leaked by the shadow brokers a month before the attack. Although microsoft has previously issued patches to close the exploit, most of the distribution of wannacry came from companies that did not use them or used older windows systems that had expired. These fixes were required for the cybersecurity of institutions, but some of them were not implemented due to ignorance of their importance. Some voiced the need for 7/7 work, unwillingness to risk previously working applications breaking due to patch changes, lack of staff or time to install them, or for other reasons.

The attack began. At 07:44 utc on may 12, 2017 and was stopped a few hours later at 15:03 utc thanks to a kill switch registration discovered by marcus hutchins. The kill switch prevented already infected computers from being encrypted or from spreading wannacry.[6] according to ratings, the attack affected more than three hundred thousand computers[7] in 150 countries[7], the total damage was from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars. Based on a preliminary assessment of the worm, security experts proved that the attack was carried out by north korea or agencies working for that country. . [8]

A new version of wannacry forced the taiwan semiconductor design company (tsmc) to temporarily close 1 to 3 or more of its chip factories by september of last year. The virus has spread to ten,000 machines. On the super latest tsmc.[9]

Wannacry is a ransomware worm that attacks computers running microsoft windows, encrypting (locking) information and demanding a ransom in bitcoin cryptocurrency. The worm is also found as wannacrypt,[10] wana decrypt0r 2.0,[11] wanacrypt0r 2.0,[12] and wanna decryptor.[13] it is considered a network worm because its use also includes a transport mechanism for automatic propagation. This transport code scans vulnerable systems, then uses the eternalblue exploit to gain access and the doublepulsar toolkit to install and run a copy of itself.[14] wannacry versions 0, 1 and two were developed using microsoft visual c 6.0. . A lot more newcomers and comments around the event were due to the fact that the us national security agency (nsa) (from which the exploit was probably stolen) had already discovered the vulnerability, but used it to create an exploit for personal offensive work. , But don't report it to microsoft.[16][17] finally microsoft discovered the vulnerability and on tuesday march 14, 2017 they released security bulletin ms17-010 detailing the vulnerability and announcing that patches had been released for all versions of windows now supported then these were windows vista. Windows 7, windows 8.1, windows tens, windows server 2008, windows server 2008 r2, windows server 2012 and windows server 2016.[18]

Doublepulsar is a loophole also released by the shadow brokers, on april 14, 2017, starting april 21, 2017, security researchers reported that the doublepulsar backdoor was installed on tens of thousands of computers.[19] by april 25, reportedly, the number of infected computers reaches many hundreds of thousands, with the number increasing every day.[20][21] wannacry code can order any existing doublepulsar infection or install it in-house.[14][22][23] on may 9, 2017, privately owned cybersecurity company risksense released code to github with the stated goal of allowing legal white-hat penetration testers to test the cve-2017-0144 exploit on unsecured systems.[24]

When released, wannacry malware first checks the domain name of the kill switch; if no ailment is found, the ransomware encrypts the computer data[25][26][27] and then tries to use the smb vulnerability to transmit to random computers online[28] as well as other computers on the boring network. Networks.[29] as is the case with other modern ransomware, the payload displays a message informing users that such files have been encrypted and will require you to pay about us$300 in bitcoin for three days or us$600 for seven days. [26][30] warning that you have so little time.[Sic] "three hard-coded bitcoin addresses or wallets are used to receive payments from victims. As well as in absolutely all such wallets, their transactions and balances are publicly available, although the owners of cryptocurrency wallets remain unknown.[31]

Several organizations have published detailed technical descriptions of malware, even a senior security analyst at risksense ,[32][33] microsoft,[34] cisco,[14] malwarebytes,[28] symantec and mcafee. .[29]

Attack[edit]

The attack began on friday flights, may 12, 2017,[35][36] with evidence indicating to the initial infection in asia at 07:44 utc.[35][37] the initial infection likely occurred via an open vulnerable smb port[38], but not via email phishing, as originally thought.[35] within 24 hours it was reported that the code had been opened. Infected more than 230,000 computers in more than 150 countries.[39][40]

The attack affected organizations that had not installed the microsoft march protection update.[41] those who still use unsupp non-standard versions of microsoft windows, including windows xp and windows server 2003[42][43], were at particularly high risk, since may 2014 for windows xp and july last year for windows server 2003 no security patches have been released.[10] a however, a study by kaspersky lab found that less than: 0.1 percent of affected computers were running windows xp and 98 percent of affected computers were running windows 7.[10][44] in a controlled testing environment, computer security organization kryptos logic found that it was unable to infect a windows xp system with wannacry using only exploits because the payload would not load or crash the operating system but not actual execution and file encryption. But when run manually wannacry can still have experience in windows xp.[45][46][47]

Defensive response[edit]

Experts were quick to advise affected players not to settle at ransom rates due to the lack of reports of tenants returning their data after payment, and in addition to the fact that high incomes will increase the number of such campaigns. As of june 14, 2017, once the attack had stopped, a total of 327 payments had been made for a total of $130,634.77 (51.62396539 btc).[51]

Next the day after the initial attack in late spring, microsoft released emergency security updates for expired products for windows xp, windows server 2003, and windows 8; these fixes were invented at the end of the winter of that year after the vulnerability was discovered in january of that year. Organizations were advised to fix windows and cover the vulnerability in order to protect their smartphone from cyber attacks.[53] adrienne hall, head of the microsoft cyber defense operations center, said that due to the increased risk of destructive cyber attacks, we currently decided to undertake this exercise, as the application of such updates provides additional protection against potential attacks with characteristics similar to wannacrypt [an alternative name for wannacry].[54 ][55]

Researcher markus hutchins[56][57] discovered a crash domain hardcoded in malware.[58][59] ][60] registering a domain name for the dns funnel stopped the attack as a worm from spreading, as the ransomware only encrypted computer files if it was unable to connect to that domain, which all wannacry-infected computers before the site was registered could not do. While this did not help already infected systems, it significantly slowed the spread of the initial infection and allowed time for the deployment of protective measures around the world, especially in north america and asia, but they were not attacked to the extent that they were elsewhere.[61] ][62][63][64][65] on may 14th, the first version of wannacry appeared with yours and the second[66] switch registered by matt swish at the same hour. This was followed by a second variant with a third and final switch on may 15, which was registered by the threat intelligence check point analysts. A few days later, the author's version of wannacry was discovered, in which the kill switch was completely absent. Passing a distributed "ban in service" attack on the wannacry domain with a kill switch with the intent to disable the stretch. On may 22, hutchins secured the domain by switching to a cached modification of the site, capable of dealing with significantly higher traffic loads than the actual site.[74]

Separately university college researchers.The universities of london and boston reported that their paybreak system could defeat wannacry and several other families of ransomware by recovering the keys used to encrypt user information.[75][76]

It was found that the windows encryption apis used by wannacry are prepared to not fully sanitize the primes intended to generate payload private keys from memory, potentially making it possible to extract the required key, on which they were also not overwritten or removed from resident memory. The key is kept in memory if the wannacry process is not killed and the device is rebooted after the infection.[77] this behavior was used by a french researcher to compile a tool known as wannakey that automates this process for windows xp.[78][79][80] this approach was implemented by a second tool, known as wanakiwi, which was also tested to support windows 7 and server 2008 r2.[81]

In the four days following the initial number of infections due to these responses reduced to a minimum.[82]

Attribution[edit]

Linguistic analysis of the ransom notes showed that the producers were probably freely claiming: in chinese[83 ] and is fluent in english, as the versions of the notes in those languages were probably human-written, while the rest appear to have been machine-translated.[84][85] according to an analysis by the fbi cyber behavioral analysis center, the pc on which the ransomware language files were invented installed hangul fonts, as evidenced by the presence of the rtf tag "\fcharset129".[15] the metadata in the language files also points to the fact that the computers that created the ransomware were oriented to utc 09:00, which is required in korea.[15]

Security researcher[86][ 87]. ] Originally posted a tweet[88] based on code similarities between wannacry and previous malware. Computer security corporations[89] kaspersky lab and symantec stated that the given code had some similarity with the password previously used by the lazarus group[90] (who allegedly carried out a cyberattack on sony pictures in 2014 and a bank robbery in bangladesh recently ). And is connected to north korea).[90] it could also be either a simple password reset by the group[91] or an attempt to shift the blame – as in the cyber false flag operation[90], but a leaked internal nsa memo is also believed to involve releasing a worm into north korea. [92] brad smith, president of microsoft, said that it was believed north korea was behind the wannacry attack[93] and the uk national cyber security center came to the same conclusion[94].

On. On december 18, 2017, the us state government officially announced that it publicly considers north korea to be the main culprit of the wannacry attack[95]. President trump's then homeland security adviser tom bossert wrote an op-ed in the wall street journal about the allegation, stating, "we do not make such a belief lightly. It's based on evidence." The next day, bossert said the evidence indicated that kim jong-un ordered the launch of a malware attack. Bossert said that canada, new zealand and japan share the united states' assessment of evidence linking the attack to north korea,[98] while the united kingdom's department of foreign affairs, here's the commonwealth's work, says it also supports the us claim.[98] 99]

However, north korea denied responsibility for the cyber attack.[100][101]

September 6, 2018, the u.S. Department of justice (doj) announced formal allegations against park jin hyuk for being involved in the sony pictures hack in 2014. The justice department claimed that park was a north korean hacker who worked as a member of the north korean general intelligence agency's expert team. The department of justice stated that the team was also involved in the wannacry attack, among other things. An estimated 200,000 computers in 150 countries were infected. According to kaspersky lab, the four most affected countries were russia, ukraine, india, and taiwan.[105]

One of the largest institutions affected by the attack were national health service hospitals in europe and scotland[106][107] and also up to 70% of 000 devices, including computers, tomographs, refrigerators for better blood preservation and theater equipment, remained affected.[108] on may 12, some nhs services had to be crossed out from non-critical force majeure situations, and some ambulances were redirected.It has been reported recently that thousands of computers in 42 separate nhs trusts in the uk were still running windows xp. This year, a members of parliament report concluded that any 200 nhs hospitals or other organizations inspected after a wannacry attack were still not cybersecurity tested. Nhs hospitals in wales and northern ireland were unaffected by the attack. .Renault also halted production at several locations in an attempt to stop the spread of the ransomware.[114][115] spanish telefónica, fedex and deutsche bahn, and many other cities and centers around the world were affected. Potential attacks of the like, and could be much worse if hutchins hadn't revealed that his creators had built in a kill switch[119][120] or if he had been specifically targeted at critical infrastructure such as nuclear power plants, dams, or railroad systems. [121][122]

According to cyber risk modeling statistics cyence, the economic cost of a cyber attack could be up to $4 billion, but other groups estimate losses in the hundreds of millions. :

Andhra pradesh police, india[124]aristotle university of thessaloniki, greece[125][126]dacia automobile company, romania[127]commercial boeing aircraft [ 128]cambrian college, canada[129]china public security bureau[130]cj cgv (cinema chain)[131]dalian maritime university[132]deutsche bahn[ 133]dharmais hospital, indonesia[134]faculty hospital, nitra, slovakia[135]fedex[136]- garena blade and soul[137]guilin aerospace university technology [132]guilin university of electronic technology[132]-harapan kita hospital, indonesia[134]-hezhou university[132]hitachi[138]honda[139] - instituto nacional de salud, colombia[140]lakeridge health, canada[141]- laks, netherlands[142]latam airlines group[143]megafon[144]ministry of the interior of the russian federation[145]national health service (england)[146][109][113]national health service ш otland[109][113]nissan motor manufacturing uk[146 ]o2, germany[147][148]petrobrás[149]petrochina[116][130]portugal telecom[150]pulse fm[151]q -park[152]renault[153]russian railways[154]sandvik[134]sud san- pau lo[149]saudi telecom company[155]sberbank[156]shandong university[132]- state governments of india government of gujarat[157]government of kerala state[157 ] government of maharashtra[158]government of west bengal[157]

Reactions[edit]

A number of experts highlighted nsa's non-disclosure of major vulnerabilities and loss of control over the eternalblue attack tool that used it. Edward snowden said that if the nsa had "discovered a vulnerability in their headphones that was being used to cyber-attack hospitals when the movies found it, and not when the movies lost it, there might not have been an attack." British cybersecurity specialist graham cluley also sees "some blame for remote us intelligence." According to the said words and others, "they could have done something in the old days to remove this task, and these people did not carry it out." He also said that, despite the obvious use of such devices to control people of interest, they must protect the citizens of their countries.[168] others have also noted that such an attack shows that the practice of intelligence agencies to stockpile exploits for offensive purposes but not disclose them for defensive purposes can be problematic.[120] microsoft president and general counsel brad smith wrote: "repeatedly, exploits by governments have leaked into the public domain and caused serious detrimental harm. The equivalent scenario with traditional weapons would be the theft of some of their tomahawk missiles by the us military." [169][170][171] putin vladimir putin blamed the attack on the us intelligence agencies for creating eternalblue.[156]

On may 17, 2017, lawmakers introduced the patch law[172], which aims to test exploits by an independent board to harmonize the need for disclosure of vulnerabilities with other national security interests, while increasing integrity and accountability to maintain public confidence in the process."[173]
June 15, 2017 congress the us was hired to hold an assault hearing.[174] two subgroups of the house science committee were to hear testimony from various individuals working in the official and non-governmental sectors on how the americas can improve their mechanisms to protect their programs from the same attacks in the future.[174]

Markus hutchins, a cybersecurity researcher who worked closely with the uk's national cyber security centre,[175][176] investigated the virus and found a "kill switch".[57] later, security researchers scattered around the world came together online to develop free primary code tools,[177][178] that allow, under certain circumstances, decryption for free.[179] snowden can insist that when "ransomware through the nsa takes over the internet, help comes from researchers, not from spy agencies", and asks why this is about you.[180][181][176]

Adam segal, director of the technology policy and cyberspace program at the council on international relations, stated that "fix systems and availability of updates are just broken, in their sector even in federal institutions."[120] in addition, segal said that governments' apparent failure to protect vulnerabilities "opens up a lot of questions about backdoors and access to encryption, which government research suggests the private sector needs to guarantee privacy."[120] arne schönbom, president of the german federal office for information security (bsi), stated that "the current attacks show how vulnerable our digital society is. This is a wake-up call for companies to finally get into it security [seriously]."[182]

The aftermath of the attack also had political repercussions in the united kingdom, the impact on the nhs quickly became political, as it was argued that the impact was exacerbated by underfunding of the nhs by the government; specifically, nhs has discontinued its paid individual support in order to continue receiving support for unsupported microsoft software used in the organization, including windows xp. Home secretary amber rudd declined to say whether alternative patient data sites had been set up, and shadow health secretary john ashworth accused health secretary jeremy hunt of refusing to act on criticism from microsoft, the national cyber security center (ncsc) and the national crime agency. Which was received two months earlier.[184]

Others have argued that hardware and software vendors sometimes fail to consider future security flaws by selling hardware that—because of their technical design and market incentives— ultimately fails to make the best of it and apply corrections. 186][45] the cost of the attack to the nhs is estimated at £92 million in disruption and it upgrades. Meet the cyber essentials plus standard, a data protection certification organized by the uk's ncsc, which says it will not be "value for money", or that the corporation has invested more than 60 per cent of millions of pounds and planned to "spend another 150 million] pounds over the next 2 years" to address key cybersecurity weaknesses. @>cryptolockercyber self-defensecyber weapons § controlcyber attack of healthcare leadersinternational multi-stakeholder partnership against cyber threatsproactive cyber defense § measuressecurity engineeringsoftware version control sql slammerchronology of computer viruses and wormsvault 7windows updatedyn 2016pet 2017 ya cyberattacklinks[edit]

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